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सांसिद्धिक दरशनसम्प्रदायाः भारतीयानि (sāṃsiddhika daraśanasampradāyāḥ bhāratīyāni – native philosophical traditions of India)
1. भारतीयदर्शनस्य समग्रगुणः (bhāratīyadarśanasya samagraguṇaḥ - holistic nature of Indian philosophy)
A central
theme is the seamless integration of भारतीय तत्त्वदर्शन (bhāratīya
tattvadarśana – Indian philosophy) with its मत संप्रधायाः (mata saṃpradhāyāḥ - theological
traditions) such that the सनातनधर्म (sanātanadharma - eternal spirituality)
is always inclusive of both तत्त्वदर्शन (tattvadarśana –philosophy)
and विज्ञान
(vijñāna - science), unlike "thick
walls" of seperation between them in the Western world. where the thick
walls became even more thicker in the last 200 300 years. In Indian systems, these
disciplines maintain a समग्र अभिन्न संश्लेषण (samagra abhinna saṁślēṣaṇa – complete integral synthesis).
2. सांसिद्धिक दरशनसम्प्रदायाः भारतीयानि (sāṃsiddhika daraśanasampradāyāḥ bhāratīyāni – native philosophical traditions of india)
भारतीय तत्त्वदर्शन
(bhāratīya tattvadarśana – Indian philosophy)
is broadly classified under four major native religious/theological schools:
•
दर्शनानि
हिन्दुधर्मस्य (darśanāni hindudharmasya - philosophies of Hinduism)
•
दर्शनानि
जैनधर्मस्य (darśanāni jainadharmasya - philosophies of Jainism)
•
दर्शनानि
बौद्धधर्मस्य (darśanāni hindudharmasya - philosophies of Buddhism)
•
दर्शनानि
सिखधर्मस्य (darśanāni hindudharmasya - philosophies of Sikhism)
These traditions inherit very rich philosophical foundations
with enormous depth and width.
3. वर्गीकरणस्य आधारः (vargīkaraṇasya ādhāraḥ – basis of classification)
The source
highlights several traditional and historical methods of classifying भारतीय तत्त्वदर्शन
(bhāratīya tattvadarśana – Indian philosophy)
into two broad categories:
· आस्तिकवाद (āstikavāda-
orthodox doctrine) &
· नास्तिकवाद (nāstikavāda-
hetrodox doctrine).
Such
categorization could be either on the basis of वैदिकाधिकारः (vaidikādhikāraḥ - Vedic authority) into
· वेदप्रमाण्यवाद दर्शन (vedapramāṇyavāda
darśana- vedic authority acknowledgement
philosophy),
· मिश्र दर्शन (miśra darśana – mixed philosophy) &
· वेदप्रमाण्यनिषेधवाद
दर्शन (vedapramāṇyaniṣedhavāda darśana – vedic authority rejection
philosophy)
Or alternatively
it could also be on the basis of its ईश्वरवादी समन्वय (īśvaravādī samanvaya – theistic alignment) into
·
ईश्वरवाद दर्शन (īśvaravāda darśana
theistic philosophy),
· मिश्र दर्शन (miśra darśana – mixed philosophy) &
· निरीश्वरवाद दर्शन
(nirīśvaravāda darśana – atheistic
philosophy).
4 भारतीयदर्शनानां प्रारम्भिकवर्गीकरणम् (bhāratīyadarśanānāṁ prārambhikavargīkaraṇam – preliminary classification of Indian philosophies)
Ancient texts provide early
classifications:
·
சீத்தலைச் சாத்தனார் (cīttalaic cāttaṉār – Sitttalai Sattanar) in his
magnum-opus masterpiece மணிமேகலை (maṇimēkalai) provides one of the earliest
doxographical account of the तत्त्वदर्शन (bhāratīya tattvadarśana – Indian philosophy) by
classifying it under six major schools:
- लोकायतदर्शन / உலகாயததரிசனம் (lokāyatadarśana / ulakāyatamataricaṉam – lokayata philosophy),
- बौद्धदर्शन / பௌத்ததரிசனம்
(bauddhadarśana / bauttataricaṉam – buddhist philosophy),
- साङ्ख्यदर्शन / சாங்கியதரிசனம் (sāṅkhyadarśana / cāṅkiyataricaṉam – samkhya philosophy),
- न्यायदर्शन / நையாயிகதரிசனம் (nyāyadarśana / naiyāyikataricaṉam – nyaya philosophy),
- वैशेषिकदर्शन / வைசேடிகதரிசனம் (vaiśeṣikadarśana / vaicēṭikataricaṉam
– vaisheshika philosophy) &
- मीमांसदर्शन / மீமாம்சதரிசனம் (mīmāṃsadarśana / mīmāmcataricaṉam – Mimamsa philosophy)
·
श्री हरिबद्रसूरि (śrī haribadrasūri) in his magnum-opus
masterpiece षड्दर्शनसमुच्चय (ṣaḍdarśanasamuccaya) provides
an alternate doxographical account by classifying तत्त्वदर्शन (bhāratīya tattvadarśana – Indian philosophy) into the following schools viz.:
- बौद्धदरशन
(bauddhadaraśana – buddhist philosophy),
- न्यायदर्शन (nyāyadarśana –
nyaya philosophy),
- साङ्ख्यदर्शन (sāṅkhyadarśana
– sankhya philosophy),
- जैनदर्शन (jainadarśana –
jain philosophy),
- वैशेषिकदर्शन (vaiśeṣikadarśana
– vaisheshika philosophy) &
- जैमिनीय / मीमांस
दर्शन (jaiminīya / mīmāṃsa darśana –
jaiminiya / mimamsa philosophy).
5. भारतीयदर्शनानां मानकवर्गीकरणम् (bhāratīyadarśanānāṁ mānakavargīkaraṇam – standard classification of Indian philosophies)
The following
is the most widely accepted भारतीयदर्शनानां मानकवर्गीकरणम् (bhāratīyadarśanānāṁ mānakavargīkaraṇam –
standard classification of Indian philosophies)
•
भारतीय दर्शन (bhāratīya darśana –
indian philosophy)
•
आस्तिक दर्शन
(āstika darśana – orthodox philosophy)
•
परिणामवाद
(pariṇāmavāda – transformation doctrine)
•
साङ्ख्यदर्शन
(sāṅkhyadarśana – samkhya philosophy)
•
योगदर्शन
(yogadarśana – yoga philosophy)
•
आगमदर्शन
(āgamadarśana – agama philosophy)
•
पाशुपतशैवदर्शन
(pāśupataśaivadarśana - pashupata Shaiva
philosophy)
•
पाञ्चरात्रवैष्णवदर्शन
(pāñcarātravaiṣṇavadarśana – pancharatra vaishnva philosophy)
•
आरम्भवाद
(ārambhavāda – creation doctrine)
•
पूर्वमीमांसदर्शन
(pūrvamīmāṃsadarśana – purvamimamsa
philosophy)
•
न्यायदर्शन
(nyāyadarśana – nyaya philosophy)
•
वैशेषिकदर्शन
(vaiśeṣikadarśana – vaisheshika philosophy)
•
विवर्तवाद
(vivartavāda – apparent doctrine )
•
उत्तरमीमांसदर्शन
(uttaramīmāṃsadarśana – Uttara mimamsa philosophy)
•
नास्तिकदर्शन
(nāstikadarśana – heterodox philosophy)
•
चार्वाकदर्शन
(cārvākadarśana – carvaka philosophy)
•
बौद्धधर्म
(bauddhadharma - buddhism)
•
महायान
(mahāyāna – greater vehicle)
•
माध्यमक /
शून्यवाद दर्शन (mādhyamaka / śūnyavāda darśana –
middleway / emptiness school)
•
योगचार /
विज्ञानवाद दर्शन (yogacāra / vijñānavāda darśana – yogic
/ consciousness only philosophy)
•
हीनयान
(hīnayāna – lesser vehicle)
•
वैभाशिक दर्शन
(vaibhāśika darśana – vaibhashika philosophy)
•
स्वातन्त्रिक
दर्शन (svātantrika darśana – svatantrika philosophy)
•
जैनधर्म
(jainadharma - jainism)
•
दिगम्बरदर्शन
(digambaradarśana- digambara philosophy)
•
श्वेताम्बरदर्शन
(śvetāmbaradarśana- shvetambara philosophy)
6. भारतीय दर्शनस्य इतिहासलेखनात्मकः मनः-नक्शा (bhāratīya darśanasya itihāsalekhanātmakaḥ manaḥ-nakśā – infographic mind-map of Indian philosophy)
भारतीय तत्त्वदर्शन (bhāratīya tattvadarśana – Indian philosophy) can
on historical basic be classified into the following epochs:
•
मन्त्रसंहिता
पर्व (mantrasaṃhitāparva– mantra corpus epoch)
•
ब्राहमण-आरण्यक
पर्व (brāhamaṇa-āraṇyaka parva – brahmana –Aranyaka epoch)
•
उपणिशद् पर्व
(upaṇiśad parva – Upanishad epoch)
•
दार्शनिक
सूत्रपर्व (darśanasūtraparva – philosophical
aphorism epoch)
•
दार्शनिक
सूत्रभाष्यपर्व (darśanasūtrabhāṣyaparva – philosophical
aphorist commentary epoch)
•
दार्शनिकवादविवाद
पर्व (dārśanikavādavivāda parva – philosophical polemics epoch)
•
पाश्चात्यस्य
शोधःपर्व (pāścātyasya śōdhaḥ - westerner’s research epoch)
•
समकालीन शोध
(samakālīna śōdha – contemporary research epoch)
7. दर्शनसंप्रदयाः हिन्धुधर्मस्य (darśanasaṃpradayāḥ hindhudharmasya – philosophical traditions of Hinduism)
The
दर्शनसंप्रदयाः हिन्धुधर्मस्य
(darśanasaṃpradayāḥ
hindhudharmasya – philosophical traditions of Hinduism) can broadly
be classified under two its two traditional branches viz.
·
वैदिकदर्शनाः (vaidikadarśanāḥ – Vedic philosophies)
·
आगमिकदर्शनाः (āgamikadarśanāḥ -Agamic philosophies)
8. षट्विधवैदिकदर्शनाः (ṣaṭvidhavaidikadarśanāḥ – six-fold Vedic philosophies)
The वैदिकदर्शनाः (vaidikadarśanāḥ – Vedic philosophies) are basically
categorized under the following branches
·
वैशेषिक दर्शन (vaiśeśikia darśana –
philosphy of peculiarity)
·
न्याय दर्शन (nyāya darśana –
philosophy of epistemology/logic)
·
सांख्य दर्शन (sāṁkhya darśana –
philosophy of ontology)
·
योग दर्शन (yoga darśana –
philosophy of yoga)
·
पूर्व मीमांसा दर्शन (pūrva mīmāṁsā darśana – philosophy of prior
inquiry)
